What Is Geothermal Energy?

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James Longley

Managing Director

min read

Climate change has become one of the most important topics of the past few years. With significant climate events taking place recently, many of us are becoming more environmentally sustainable and aware of our habits. Even small alterations to our daily home and work lives can help benefit the environment so we can safeguard the planet’s future. It can be easier to track how much energy you use at home by using an energy monitor or closely observing your bills, but how can you become more energy efficient at work? Using for your business will help both the environment, but also improve your corporate social responsibility.

Learning more about renewable energy is a great way for businesses to become more . As a source of renewable energy, geothermal power has been used for thousands of years by various countries to heat their homes and cook their meals. In the Palaeolithic Age, geothermal energy was used for bathing and heating. Even today, monkeys living in the mountainous regions of Japan use geothermal energy to bathe in the heated water from hot springs to keep themselves warm in the winter months. But what is geothermal energy exactly?

Geothermal energy is simply power derived from the Earth’s internal heat. Beneath the Earth’s crust, the source of geothermal energy is held in fluids and rocks. This energy can be found deep below in magma (extremely hot molten rock), but also in shallow ground just below the surface. First used in Italy in 1904, geothermal energy has been an expanding and consistent source of energy. The International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) has documented that the use of geothermal energy grew from 10GW worldwide in 2010 to 13.3GW in 2018.

How does geothermal energy work?

So how does geothermal energy work? The source of geothermal energy comes from the trapped heat below the Earth’s surface, so wells are drilled into the underground reservoirs of geothermal resources, including naturally occurring heated rocks and water. When naturally occurring resources are lacking or aren’t substantial enough, there are enhanced geothermal systems which create or improve geothermal resources through hydraulic stimulation. Then these geothermal resources produce steam, this rotates and drives turbines, which produces electricity.

There are three different types of geothermal energy, including dry steam, flash steam and binary cycle.

Dry steam. This is where steam is piped directly into underground wells of a geothermal power plant which turns a turbine to produce electricity.
Flash Steam. This is the most common use of geothermal energy. Reservoirs of water with temperatures of 182˚C and above flow through underground wells. As it flows, the pressure decreases and the hot water boils, producing steam. Once separated from the water, the steam is directed to turn the turbine. Leftover water and steam flows back to the reservoir, thus making it a sustainable resource.
Binary steam. Binary geothermal power plants use water at temperatures of 107-182˚C to boil an organic compound liquid to produce steam. Water is then led back to into the ground to be reheated; the water and the organic compound are kept separate during the whole process so there are very little, or zero, air emissions.

The United States is the world’s largest producer of geothermal energy. They also have the largest geothermal resources in the world, with a geyser named Old Faithful in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, and The Geysers in northern California. Other nations also use geothermal energy, with 25% of Iceland’s energy coming from five geothermal power plants.

Currently, the UK only produces around 30% of its electricity from renewable energy sources, such as geothermal energy. The percentage of people who are in favour of using renewable energy grew to 85% in 2018, so why not join that percentage and transform your business using ? Not only will we help your business become more environmentally friendly, but we’ll also help you save money on your and prices.

Uses of geothermal energy

The uses of geothermal energy can be divided into three categories: direct use applications, geothermal heat pumps and electric power generation.

Direct use application
The use of heated water is the most common direct use of geothermal energy. Water ranging from 50-150˚C is pumped from the ground to warm single buildings, as well as whole towns from a central supply source. Most notably, outdoor spas and pools, such as those found in Iceland and Japan, use the naturally occurring geothermal resources to provide heated bathing. Geothermal energy can also be used for cooking, drying fruits, vegetables and timber, and large-scale snow melting.

Geothermal heat pumps
These heat pumps heat buildings in the winter and cool them in the summer. The geothermal heat pump system is made up of a heat exchanger (a system of pipes buried in the ground) and a pump. The heat exchanger transfers heat between the ground and the air by circulating heated water and antifreeze through the pipes. The pump is reversed for the cold months when it’s needed for extra warmth. The geothermal heat pumps system is extremely energy-efficient and produces less pollution.

Electric power generation
Geothermal power plants produce electricity by using steam to drive turbines. As a source of renewable energy, geothermal power plants are excellent at producing power for a district by disturbing the electricity created through a central system.

Advantages of geothermal energy

There are many advantages of geothermal energy, the biggest one being that it is good for the environment. Geothermal energy can be extracted from the earth and produce electricity with very minimal emissions. It is also a reliable source of renewable energy. Geothermal power provides a constant source of energy all year long, unlike other renewable energy sources, such as solar, wind or biomass.

That’s the end to our guide on: what is geothermal energy? We hope you have learned more about geothermal energy and have become inspired to use green energy for your business. To help protect the environment and save money on your prices, let Utility Bidder search the market for you to provide the best deals and services.

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